Horn
Relief Organization
CAMEL CARAVAN RESEARCH REPORT
Conducted in the
area around El-buh village of eastern Snag region
Period: 10 June to 12 July 2002
Contents:
Topics
1-
Glossary
of the words
2-
Executive
Summary
3-
Research
about livestock marketing.
4-
Research
about mange disease.
5-
Research about problems brought by the
environmental degradation the eastern Sanag region.
6-
Research
about the effect of the Somali livestock export ban to rural community eastern
Sanag region.
7-
Research
about coping for the difficult time.
8-
Research about preparation for the
droughts.
Glossary
of Words:
1-
Beeyo:
type of the frankincense disease
2-
Maydi:
3-
Fooh:
4-
Falah
falah:
5-
Iid
= Islamic holidays
6-
Gogobe
= wild tree
7-
Dacar = ilo tree
8-
Cai
booye = wild tree
9-
Heeli
= wild tree which
produce edible fruits
10- Mudhcanyo
11- Rooxo =
12- Daray =
10-
Berde =
11-
Gob =
12-
Dhafaruur
13-
Qobco
= fruit of
some trees
14-
Dhimbil =
15-
Masada
= mall wild animal clamp up
the tree and
start hibernation during the drought
16-
Dirir
=
Star
Executive
Summary
Here
is the outcome of the camel caravan research conducted in the area around
El-buh village of eastern Sanag region- Somalia. The camel caravan research is an annual research made by
horn relief organization to the eastern Sanag region in order to get information
for certain issues having great importance for the development of the rural
community.
The
research is under the pastoral youth leadership (PYL) program implementing by
Horn Relief Organization in order to improve the Knowledge of the rural community
specially the leadership and the good governance of the rural youth.
During
the research the participants were
walking using male camel to
transport their requirement like food, water, tents, human and animal drugs and other requirements. The participants were meeting and interviewing the rural
people to their homes, under tree and were ever possible.
The
participants of the research were students selected from the schools of Dhahar,
Hingalool and El-buh of pastoral youth leadership network. The duration of the research was 20
days between 10 June and 12 July 2002.
After
the collection of data, analyzes were made to the information. The outcome of
the research analyze and other related information about the methodology used
for data collection, planning, data collection, lessons learned, suggestions
and the suggested future analyze are presented here.
The
topics of the research was:
v
Livestock
marketing
v
Environmental
degradation and related problems
v
The
effect of Somali livestock export ban to the rural population of eastern Sanag
v
The
Mange disease
v
Drought
Preparness
v
Coping
machanisam.
Introduction
about Somalia
Somalia lies horn of Africa and its population are 100%
Muslim. It is a member of international organizations, such as Arab league , Organization of African
Unity (OAU) and organization of Islamic conference(OIC). The eastern
side of the country is surrounded by the Indian Ocean and its north is filled
by the red sea. The western and southern side of the country has borders with
Djibouti Ethiopia and Kenya. Somalia has the largest sea shore for all African
countries and its population are estimated 10 Million.70% of these people are
pastor lists who rear livestock of
different kinds such as camel, Cattle, Sheep and Goats, Donkeys and Horses.
Somalia mostly is semi arid but the two
rivers of Juba and Shabelle run the southern part of the country. Plains around
the rivers are good for farming and grown for different types of crops such as
Maize, Sorghum, Beans, Sesame, Banana, Papaya and many others.
The
Somali country was colonel zed by the British (Northern part) and the Italian
(Southern part). Both parties got their independent on 1960 and unite and form
republic of Somalia. On 1969, the military leading by Gen. Mohamed Siyad Barre
engulfed the leadership of the government. They were ruling the country till
1990.
At
the end of 1970s and 1980s the is emerged by fractions based on clans who
finally cause the collapse of Somali central government on January 1991.
Immediately after the collapse, civil war leading by warlords started. The
warlords failed to restore the peace and stability in the country and form
central government. Some of the regions of the country form regional
governments (states).
Introduction
about eastern Sanag Region
Eastern
Sanag is located 10km west of bosaso tarmac road, Bari region of punt land
state of Somalia. It was part of the country that was colonized by the British. The regions land
composed of seashores, mountains along red sea coast and plains called Sool and Haded. 70% of the regions
population are pastor lists rearing livestock including sheep, goats, Camel,
Cattle Donkeys and Horses, first is important and so on.
The
rest of the population of the region is fishers, Business and some who are
laborer of different activities. The regions natural resources include
frankincense of different kinds such as Beyo, Maydi, Fooh and Falah falah.
The
region has long history of civilization and was having great history of business
to Arab countries, India and others. The people also have a well-respected
cultural leadership.
After
the collapse of the Somali central government, the region did not get any
assistance from international organizations, there is no agencies representing
them who operating the area.
Horn relief is only NGO who is working
in the region. HR activities mainly involves on areas about environmental conservation, education and water. So far
activities done by the NGO include:
Ø
Re-starting
(make functioning) of the Buran Rural Institute (BRI).
Ø
Construction
of water rock dams.
Ø
And
water installation in Buran and El-buh villages,
The
beneficiaries of these projects are the most vulnerable and needy people who
are mainly women and children.
Horn Relief Organization
Pastoral
youth leadership
Camel
caravan research report
Sub:
research about livestock marketing
________________________________
We
are hereby forwarding the research report, which was conducted the area between
Hingalol and El-buh villages of eastern Snag region of Somalia which mostly
pastoral households are concentrated. Participants of the caravan research were
from El-buh, Dhahar and Hingalol schools, which are part of pastoral youth leadership
(PYL) network. The researchers used camel to carry on their material
requirements such as food, water,
equipment and livestock and human drugs.
Methodology
The
methodology of the data collection was personal interview, focus group
discussion and observation.
Concerned
people
The Interviewed and
concerned people was the rural community around El-buh village of eastern Sanag
region which was 60 persons in number composing of:
a)
Aged
men of the age between 55-79 years.
b)
Aged
women of the age between 40-70 years.
c)
Middle
aged men of the age between 30-45 years.
d)
Middle
aged women of the age between 25-45 years of age.
Planning
Before
we start the research we have planed the following:
1-
The
people we will interview male and female and their number
2-
The
time and the place interview
3-
The
questions we will ask for.
Data
collection
After
the plan we have started the data collection about livestock marking for the
rural communities in eastern Sanag region of Somalia.
The
people give us many answers about livestock marketing.
They
mostly told us that the lack of market of the livestock highly affected the
rural community who met problems about malnutrition.
Data
analyses
When
we analyze the answers of the people about livestock marketing we found that
the lack of marketing cause the people to sell or slaughter the female
livestock specially the pregnant camel, sheep and goat.
46
persons of the 60 persons interviewed composing of men of the age between 35-
64 years and women of the age between 20- 39 years.
Agreed
the answer of the first question which was( do you have plan for livestock
marketing). Saying that they have
plan. They said that they plan their livestock for those suitable to be
marketed and those not, to look for market for those suitable like mature male.
The
analyze of the second question show that the rural community have marketing
skills to sell their livestock to the highest price. For example, they send
their livestock to market when the market price increase. One other example is
that their protect the female to get pregnant by keeping away the males in
order the female to became fat, that can be sold to higher price. 54 of persons
of the people interviewed Composing of men of the age between 23-62 years and
women of the age between 19-75 years, agreed this answers.
When
we analyze the third question we found that the higher price of the livestock
are found at the two eides and hot period. The reason is that the livestock
demand from Oman, and UAE and the big and of Somalia increases the two Eids.
during the hot dry periods most of rural people are in move looking for pasture
and they did not get time to market their livestock. The answer of third
question is agreed by 50 persons of the
people interview of 60 persons composing of the women of the age between
25-47 years and men of the age between 26-51 years of age.
Conclusion
After
we analyze almost the similar answers from the people and our observation we
understand lot about the livestock marketing and how the rural community plan their livestock for marketing.
Their response mostly was that they have plan for their marketing. This plan is
that they separate their livestock for those suitable to be marketed and those
not.
Constraints
We
met the following constraints:
1-
Tick
which we did not see before bite us
2-
Water
shortage
3-
Long
trip
4-
Some
people did not response because they dont have time for us and did not
understand the meaning of the research.
Lessons learned
The
lessons learned from the research were:
a)
How
animal are slaughtered.
b)
How
to load the camels
c)
We
learn area that we dont see before.
d)
We
learn people that we dont know before.
Suggestions
We
are suggesting looking for market for the livestock of the rural community, in
order the rural people to satisfy their needs.
Future research
We
are suggesting making to future analyzing for the livestock marketing in
order to get extra information
and new markets and to struggle
how the pan can be taken from export of the Somali livestock.
Short note
Short
note from the researchers.
The
research completed smoothly. It is also required to continue such kind of
research to found the real information of the rural community.
The
researchers were the following.
1-
Hawa
Ahmed Mohed - assistant
2-
Ikraan
mohed Jibrell -
3-
Ahmed
Muse Ahmed -
4-
A/
nasir A/lahi Jama -
Horn Relief Organization
Promotion of youth leadership
Camel caravan research report
________________________________________
Sub:
research about mange disease
Here
is the camel caravan research report conducted by the intermediate schools of
dhahar district, Hingalool and El buh villages of eastern Sanag region. The
activity was research and data collection made in the area around El-Buh
village by interviewing the rural community in these area.
Concerned people
The
concerned people of the interview was the rural community in the area around
El- buh village of eastern Sanag region. The people interviewed
were 80 persons composing of 30
aged men of the age between 50-80 years, and 24 aged women of the age between
45-60 years 20 middle aged men of the age between 20-35 years and 14 middle
aged women of the age between 20-35 years.
Methodology
The methodology of the
data collection was personal interview, focus group discussion and observation.
Planning
We
have planed our research activities such the people we will interview, male and
female, their number, their age, the time and place of the interview and
questions we will ask the people.
Data
collection
We have collected the data
asking the people the following questions:
1-
how
do you manage when you see that your animals have mange disease?
2-
Is
there a cultural drug to treat the disease?
3-
How
these drugs help to treat the disease?
50
persons of the interviewed people of 80 persons answer the followings:
1-
when
we see that our livestock have mange disease we isolate them from the healthy ones.
2-
They
also said that there is cultural drugs that can be treated for the mange disease including by Gogobo tree, ilo
tree( dacar) and the sheep and
goat dung.
3-
They
also said that when the Gogobe are fermented it can treat about 80%, the ilo (dacar) can treat
50% and the burned sheep and goat
dung can treat 10%.
Data analyses
When
we analyze the data we found the following:
1-
That
the mange disease is common in eastern sanag region and outbreak of the disease
is the drought and dry periods. The people interviewed, 35 persons of them
agreed that the mange disease affects sheep, goat and camel. 40% of the
interviewed people agreed the mange disease could pass and affect the human
being. 55% of the people
interviewed also agreed that the disease can pass and affect to most of the
animals if contact or touch an affected animal because the disease epidemic.
2-
We
also found that when we analyze the data from the rural community the Gogabe
tree is very important tree for the treatment of mange disease. We asked the 88
persons interviewed how to use the tree when treating the disease and their
response was. 50 of them agreed that the tree is fermented and soup of the meat
is added.
3-
20%
of the interviewed people also agreed that the secretion of the ilo (dacar)
tree can be treated to the mange disease.
4-
We
also found that the mange disease can be treated when sheep and goat during are
burned.
5-
They
also told us that the Ali Boye tree can be also treated to the mange disease.
6-
For
the last days, the people use dipping to treat the mange disease forgetting the
cultural medicines.
Conclusion
The data analyze of the research show that the
mange disease is common to eastern Sanag region and it is outbreak is the
drought period. The disease affects the sheep, goat and camel. The most susceptible
animal is the small malnourished sheep
and goat and every the thin goats.
All the rural community knows well the disease.
The disease reduces the milk and meat production
of the livestock. It also wastes the skin. The disease passes and affects the
human being. It is also chronic to the livestock and if not treated the animal
can die for.
Constraints
We met the following constraints:
1-
The
area of the research was very large
2-
Some
of the people refuse to response because they dont know the meaning of the
research and think it is nothing.
3-
It
was summertime and there was strong Manson wind from southwest with lot of
soil.
4-
The
area surveyed there was thick larvae bite us causing itching.
Conclusion
The
data analyze of the research show that the mange disease is common to the
eastern Sanag region and its outbreak is the drought period. The disease
affects the shouts and the camel. The most susceptible animal for the disease
is the small malnourished shouts and very thin goats. All the rural community knows
well the disease. The disease reduces the milk and meat production of the
livestock and it also wastes the skin. The disease passes and affects the Human
being. It is also chronic to the livestock and if it is not treated the animal
can die for.
80%
40%
20%
15%
Interviewed
people
When we asked our self the reason why men have
more knowledge of the disease than women it become that men travel more than
women.
Therefore women can learn only from their livestock
and it may be possible that the disease may not affect their livestock so
often. But the men while they traveling so often they met other livestock
affected by the disease and learn from it.
Lesson
learned
We learn lot from the following:
1-
How
data can be collected from the rural community.
2-
The
living thing that the mange disease affects and how can be treated.
3-
Many
people that we dont know before.
4-
Area,
which we dont know before.
5-
Walking
very long distance using camel as a transport.
Suggestions
We are suggesting that the rural community to be
given an awareness rising programmers and training about animal health in order
to improve their animal health knowledge.
Future
Analyze
We are suggesting future analyze to be made to the
Gogabe tree and the area it grows most and how it can also help the health of
the human being because some respondents also told us that it could be treated
to the gastric disease of the human being.
The participants of the research was:
1-
Aadan
Mahamed Ali
2-
Omar
Ali Asker
3-
Mohamed
Abdi Huran
4-
Mohamed saciid Yare
Horn Relief Organization
Pastoral youth leadership
Camel caravan research report
__________________________
Sub: research about the problems by the
environment degradation to eastern Sanag region.
Introduction:
The participants of these camel caravan research
report who were from the intermediate schools of Dhahar, Hinaglol, and El-buh
which are the network of pastoral youth leadership (PYL) made the research
between 22 June to 12 July 2002.
The participants conduct the research in the area between El- buh and Hingalol villages of
eastern Sanag region using camel to transport their material requirements. The
information collected by the participants is presented here.
Methodology
The methodology used to collect the data was
personal interview, focus group discussion and observation.
Concerned
people
The target people of the research were the rural
community of eastern sanag region.
Planning
Before we start the research we plan our
activities of the number of people to be interviewed, time and place of the
interview and our material requirements (stationary).
Data collection
When we prepare our requirements we started the data collection. The questions we were asking the people was similar meeting the people in their residents, in their lives